The Battle Fleet (later Battle Force) was part of the Navy's organization from 1922 to 1941. If this was not taken on the West Virginia (BB-48) then perhaps it was on another ship that was hosting the All Navy competition.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_Fleet

That's the Armored Cruiser West Virginia, not the battleship. The proof is not so much the caliber of the barrel but their length, although those are not 14" guns. ACR West Virginia had 8" guns, which were Battleship size just ten years earlier than her design. But all of the Pennsylvana class cruisers had relatively short barrels and an open foredeck while the Colorado class Battleships had a much longer barrel as it was standardized length, but would need to be long enough to superfire over the last A turret when mounted in a B turret. Addtionally, Colorado's didn't have the open foredeck, they had a gunwale that would have been obvious in this picture, as it would be where the sailors are arrayed.

However, that does mean this is NOT a World War I photo, but one taken shortly before the war, say 1916ish.

The first ship of this name was an armored cruiser, renamed the USS Huntington in 1916. The battleship West Virginia was commissioned in December 1923. The guns behind the sailors appear to be much too large for an AC. The photo probably was taken on the battleship in the late 1920s.